Announcing the Peace Agreement

Good evening:

I have asked for this radio and television time tonight for the purpose of announcing that we today have concluded an agreement to end the warAssertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: outward the concluding was done in Paris earlier the same day; this sentence reports it, and reporting is all the speech does with it and bring peace with honor in Vietnam and in Southeast Asia.Frame-set — Install the construal that fixes which moves are legal. function: declaration · orientation: reality · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: meta the standard the settlement will be measured by arrives in the first sentence, before one term of it has been read; what the terms mean is settled by this clause rather than by the list below it

The following statement is being issued at this moment in Washington and Hanoi:Frame-set — Install the construal that fixes which moves are legal. function: declaration · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: meta what follows is the one stretch of the broadcast both governments wrote, and it is being read in the enemy capital at the same minute; the frame bounds what these paragraphs can say to whatever the other side would sign

At 12:30 Paris time today, January 23, 1973, the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam was initialed by Dr. Henry Kissinger on behalf of the United States, and Special Adviser Le Duc Tho on behalf of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.Report — Relay another's utterance. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: meta initialed, and by advisers rather than by governments; the joint text is exact about which act has been performed and holds the signing back four days

The agreement will be formally signed by the parties participating in the Paris Conference on Vietnam on January 27, 1973, at the International Conference Center in Paris.Report — Relay another's utterance. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: meta the signatories are counted by their attendance and none is named; the roll call later in the speech will name four parties to the war, and this sentence names none

The cease-fire will take effect at 2400 Greenwich Mean Time, January 27, 1973.Report — Relay another's utterance. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: meta a time zone and a minute; the most precise commitment on the page belongs to the paragraph the two governments drafted together The United States and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam express the hope that this agreement will insure stable peace in Vietnam and contribute to the preservation of lasting peace in Indochina and Southeast Asia.Report — Relay another's utterance. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: meta the joint text will say only that the two governments hope the peace holds; this is the single hedge about durability anywhere in the broadcast, and it sits in the sentences Hanoi helped write

That concludes the formal statement.Frame-break — Collapse the operative frame. function: declaration · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: meta the joint frame is cancelled in four words; every sentence after it is unilateral, and the phrase the joint text avoided returns in the next one Throughout the years of negotiations, we have insisted on peace with honor.Frame-set — Install the construal that fixes which moves are legal. function: declaration · orientation: reality · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: meta peace with honor occurs nowhere in the statement just read; it is reinstalled one sentence after the joint text closes, and the settlement is assessed against it rather than against the statement In my addresses to the Nation from this room of January 25 and May 8 [1972], I set forth the goals that we considered essential for peace with honor.Report — Relay another's utterance. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: meta the test is his own, set out from this desk in two earlier broadcasts; the man announcing the result also wrote the examination

In the settlement that has now been agreed to, all the conditions that I laid down then have been met:Palter — Say something true to create a false impression. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: manipulative · scope: wide · target: outward misfire: manipulation — the conditions are met in a document, and the perfect tense reports them met in the world: five of the six sentences that follow are dated in the future, the earliest of them four days out, and the text being summarised is issued tomorrow

A cease-fire, internationally supervised, will begin at 7 p.m., this Saturday, January 27, Washington time.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: outward the supervision is carried by an adjective, and no supervisor is named here or later; the clock, by contrast, is given to the hour

Within 60 days from this Saturday, all Americans held prisoners of war throughout Indochina will be released.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: outward the release is in the passive; the party that must perform it is the one this speech will address, six paragraphs on, as the leaders of North Vietnam There will be the fullest possible accounting for all of those who are missing in action.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward misfire: misinvocation — a full accounting for the missing is not an act any party can undertake, and the sentence concedes the point in its own adjective while standing in a list announced as conditions met

During the same 60-day period, all American forces will be withdrawn from South Vietnam.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: outward the American obligation and the enemy's carry the same agentless passive and the same clock, so that an exchange reads as one scheduled event with no parties in it

The people of South Vietnam have been guaranteed the right to determine their own future, without outside interference.Palter — Say something true to create a false impression. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: manipulative · scope: wide · target: outward misfire: manipulation — the one item in the list stated as already accomplished, and the one with no date, no agent and no guarantor in the sentence; two paragraphs on the speech expects other interested nations to help insure that the agreement is carried out, which is the enforcement this line reports as done (low confidence)

By joint agreement, the full text of the agreement and the protocol to carry it out will be issued tomorrow.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: outward the document against which every claim so far could be checked arrives a day after the claims

Throughout these negotiations we have been in the closest consultation with President Thieu and other representatives of the Republic of Vietnam.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward the consultation is called closest in the speech that later explains a public silence by the sensitivity of our secret negotiations This settlement meets the goals and has the full support of President Thieu and the Government of the Republic of Vietnam, as well as that of our other allies who are affected.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward an ally's consent is entered into the record by the party that needed it; Saigon is spoken for and nowhere quoted, and the paragraph addressed to Saigon asks it for nothing

The United States will continue to recognize the Government of the Republic of Vietnam as the sole legitimate government of South Vietnam.Promise — Commit oneself to a future act. function: commissive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward misfire: scope mismatch — read narrow, the continuation of a recognition already in force; read against the guarantee three paragraphs back that the people of South Vietnam will determine their own future, a commitment about how that determination comes out (low confidence)

We shall continue to aid South Vietnam within the terms of the agreement, and we shall support efforts by the people of South Vietnam to settle their problems peacefully among themselves.Promise — Commit oneself to a future act. function: commissive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward both undertakings name their limit as they are made: the aid by terms the audience cannot read until tomorrow, the support by the word efforts

We must recognize that ending the war is only the first step toward building the peace.Order — Direct another to act. function: directive · orientation: reality · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: outward the announcement is demoted to a first step; this is as near as the speech comes to allowing that the settlement may not hold All parties must now see to it that this is a peace that lasts, and also a peace that heals--and a peace that not only ends the war in Southeast Asia but contributes to the prospects of peace in the whole world.Order — Direct another to act. function: directive · orientation: reality · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: outward durability is assigned to all parties, which moves it out of the agreement just announced and into everyone's future conduct

This will mean that the terms of the agreement must be scrupulously adhered to.Order — Direct another to act. function: directive · orientation: reality · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: outward the obligation is in the agentless passive; the sentence after it supplies the two sides this one declines to name We shall do everything the agreement requires of us,Promise — Commit oneself to a future act. function: commissive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward the American side of the bargain, and the one clause on the page that binds the speaker to the agreement's whole content and we shall expect the other parties to do everything it requires of them.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward the counterpart obligation is carried by a verb about the speaker's state of mind; nothing in the clause binds anyone but the United States We shall also expect other interested nations to help insure that the agreement is carried out and peace is maintained.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward enforcement is handed to nations that are not parties, and handed again by expectation; this is the whole machinery the speech names for keeping the terms

As this long and very difficult war ends, I would like to address a few special words to each of those who have been parties in the conflict.Frame-set — Install the construal that fixes which moves are legal. function: declaration · orientation: reality · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: meta the roll call fixes who counts as a party to the war, and the fourth and last party addressed is the audience watching

First, to the people and Government of South Vietnam: By your courage, by your sacrifice, you have won the precious right to determine your own future,Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: belonging · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward the right that was guaranteed in the passive four paragraphs back is here won; it acquires an agent at the moment the addressee changes and you have developed the strength to defend that right.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: belonging · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward misfire: orientation mismatch — the withdrawal of all American forces inside sixty days rests on this capability, and the sentence delivers it as a compliment to the army it describes; nothing anywhere in the speech tests it (low confidence) We look forward to working with you in the future--friends in peace as we have been allies in war.Articulation — Render a felt sense into words; the saying changes it. function: expressive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: reflexive misfire: misinvocation — the sentence stands where a commitment to the ally would stand and performs a sentiment; look forward to binds nobody, and the undertakings made to Saigon four paragraphs earlier are bounded by within the terms of the agreement

To the leaders of North Vietnam: As we have ended the war through negotiations, let us now build a peace of reconciliation.Order — Direct another to act. function: directive · orientation: reality · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: outward the hortative puts the enemy inside the speech's first person plural, in the paragraph addressed to the government still holding the prisoners For our part, we are prepared to make a major effort to help achieve that goal.Promise — Commit oneself to a future act. function: commissive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward misfire: misinvocation — the one offer made to the other side names no act, no amount and no date, in a broadcast where every American obligation carries one: sixty days, the twenty-seventh, tomorrow But just as reciprocity was needed to end the war, so too will it be needed to build and strengthen the peace.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward the condition on the effort offered one sentence earlier, entered as a general truth about negotiation rather than as a term of the agreement

To the other major powers that have been involved even indirectly: Now is the time for mutual restraint so that the peace we have achieved can last.Order — Direct another to act. function: directive · orientation: reality · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: outward the powers are identified by their involvement and never named, and the restraint asked of them appears nowhere among the terms just listed; the peace we have achieved arrives here as a completed state, which the joint statement declined to call it

And finally, to all of you who are listening, the American people: Your steadfastness in supporting our insistence on peace with honor has made peace with honor possible.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: belonging · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward misfire: frame collision — the standard and the achievement are the same phrase on either side of the verb, and the audience is made author of terms it cannot read until tomorrow; on this filing an objection to the terms is a withdrawal of the support that produced them I know that you would not have wanted that peace jeopardized.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: belonging · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward the audience's preference is asserted on its behalf, and it is the premise the justification below rests on With our secret negotiations at the sensitive stage they were in during this recent period, for me to have discussed publicly our efforts to secure peace would not only have violated our understanding with North Vietnam, it would have seriously harmed and possibly destroyed the chances for peace.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward the account of the silence names the negotiations and names nothing else; this recent period enters the speech only as a stretch of time in which nothing was said Therefore, I know that you now can understand why, during these past several weeks, I have not made any public statements about those efforts.Frame-set — Install the construal that fixes which moves are legal. function: declaration · orientation: reality · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: meta the audience's understanding is announced rather than asked for, and the weeks are given their description by what was withheld during them

The important thing was not to talk about peace, but to get peace--and to get the right kind of peace.Frame-set — Install the construal that fixes which moves are legal. function: declaration · orientation: reality · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: meta a standard set in the past tense, with the right kind of peace defined nowhere in the speech; the phrase is used twice more, the last time in a dead man's mouth This we have done.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: outward the verdict on the standard, four words after the standard, naming nothing it was measured against

Now that we have achieved an honorable agreement, let us be proud that America did not settle for a peace that would have betrayed our allies, that would have abandoned our prisoners of war, or that would have ended the war for us but would have continued the war for the 50 million people of Indochina.Order — Direct another to act. function: directive · orientation: belonging · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: outward the settlement is described by three peaces refused; the counterfactual gets more detail than the agreement, whose text arrives tomorrow Let us be proud of the 2 1/2 million young Americans who served in Vietnam, who served with honor and distinction in one of the most selfless enterprises in the history of nations.Order — Direct another to act. function: directive · orientation: belonging · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: outward the speech's one verdict on the war itself rides in a relative clause inside a call to pride, where declining the verdict reads as declining to honour the men And let us be proud of those who sacrificed, who gave their lives so that the people of South Vietnam might live in freedom and so that the world might live in peace.Order — Direct another to act. function: directive · orientation: belonging · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: outward the war's aims are stated as the intention of the dead, which is the form in which they are least available to be argued with

In particular, I would like to say a word to some of the bravest people I have ever met--the wives, the children, the families of our prisoners of war and the missing in action.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: belonging · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: outward the courage is ascribed in the sentence before the claim it will carry; the families are established as witnesses first and made a constituency second When others called on us to settle on any terms,Frame-set — Install the construal that fixes which moves are legal. function: declaration · orientation: reality · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: meta the opposition enters the speech once, and enters as a demand to settle on any terms; nobody who called for a settlement is named or quoted, and the clause leaves no third position available you had the courage to stand for the right kind of peace so that those who died and those who suffered would not have died and suffered in vain, and so that where this generation knew war, the next generation would know peace.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: belonging · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward the families are credited with holding out for the terms, which files the years of waiting as a choice they made Nothing means more to me at this moment than the fact that your long vigil is coming to an end.Articulation — Render a felt sense into words; the saying changes it. function: expressive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: reflexive coming to an end: the release the list dated at sixty days is left in the present progressive for the people counting the days

Just yesterday, a great American, who once occupied this office, died.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: outward the death is a day old, and it enters the broadcast at the point where the settlement acquires a second voice In his life, President Johnson endured the vilification of those who sought to portray him as a man of war.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: belonging · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward the tribute opens with a charge laid by unnamed accusers, who occupy the same position as the others who called on us to settle on any terms But there was nothing he cared about more deeply than achieving a lasting peace in the world.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: belonging · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward a ranking of the predecessor's own concerns, given in the superlative by the man who succeeded him

I remember the last time I talked with him. It was just the day after New Year's.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: outward the conversation is dated three weeks back and has one surviving witness He spoke then of his concern with bringing peace, with making it the right kind of peace, and I was grateful that he once again expressed his support for my efforts to gain such a peace.Report — Relay another's utterance. function: assertive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: meta misfire: frame collision — the speech's own criterion, the right kind of peace, comes back certified in the words of a man who died the day before; the frame is held jointly in a private conversation that can no longer be checked No one would have welcomed this peace more than he.Assertion — State that something is the case. function: assertive · orientation: belonging · motive: cooperative · scope: wide · target: outward how the dead would have received terms they never saw, in the superlative, with no one placed to differ

And I know .he would join me in asking-for those who died and for those who live--let us consecrate this moment by resolving together to make the peace we have achieved a peace that will last.Order — Direct another to act. function: directive · orientation: belonging · motive: mixed · scope: wide · target: outward the exhortation is co-signed by a man who cannot decline it, and what it asks to be resolved — that the peace will last — is the one thing the speech has nowhere claimed to have secured Thank youThanks — Express gratitude. function: expressive · orientation: reality · motive: cooperative · scope: narrow · target: outward and good evening.